Purified water (PW)

• Pretreatment

• Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low pressure driven membrane process that removes suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, endotoxins and other pathogens from water.

• Reverse Osmosis

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a technology which uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove dissolved salts (ions), organics, particles, bacteria and pyrogens from water. An applied pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is required to separate the solute from the solvent and remove the undesirable contaminants. The RO membrane acts as a barrier to all dissolved salts and inorganic molecules, as well as organic molecules with a molecular weight cut off of 100. Water molecules, on the other hand, pass freely through the membrane creating a purified product stream.

• Continuous Electrodeionisation (CEDI)

Continuous Electrodeionization is an electrically driven process that uses electricity, ion exchange membranes and resin to remove ionized species (impurities) from water. CEDI is typically used to polish reverse osmosis permeate, and is a smart alternative to, and effective replacement of conventional mixed bed ion exchange (IX).